DATA STRUCTURES PROGRAM • TREES & BINARY SEARCH TREES

Search for a Value in a General Binary Tree

Learn how to search for a value in a general binary tree using a clear C program.

BeginnerBinary treeNodesRecursion

PROBLEM UNDERSTANDING

Input and expected output

Sample input
No input required
Sample output
Value found.

COMPLETE C PROGRAM

Complete C implementation

dsa-search-binary-tree.c
Open in compiler
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct TreeNode { int data; struct TreeNode *left; struct TreeNode *right; };
struct TreeNode *new_node(int value)
{
    struct TreeNode *node = malloc(sizeof *node);
    if (node == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    node->data = value; node->left = NULL; node->right = NULL;
    return node;
}
struct TreeNode *sample_tree(void)
{
    struct TreeNode *root = new_node(1);
    root->left = new_node(2); root->right = new_node(3);
    root->left->left = new_node(4); root->left->right = new_node(5);
    root->right->left = new_node(6); root->right->right = new_node(7);
    return root;
}
void free_tree(struct TreeNode *root)
{
    if (root == NULL) return;
    free_tree(root->left); free_tree(root->right); free(root);
}
int tree_search(struct TreeNode *root, int key)
{
    if (root == NULL) return 0;
    return root->data == key || tree_search(root->left, key) || tree_search(root->right, key);
}

int main(void)
{
    struct TreeNode *root = sample_tree();
    puts(tree_search(root, 6) ? "Value found." : "Value not found.");
    free_tree(root);
    return 0;
}

GUIDED CODE TOUR • NOT LIVE EXECUTION

Study the program line by line

Use the real compiler button above to run and debug with different inputs.

CURRENT STEP

Select Start to walk through the important lines.

SELECTED LINE

No line selected

EXPECTED OUTPUT FOR THE SAMPLE

Value found.
0%Step 0 of 0

PROGRAM EXPLANATION

Algorithm and explanation

  1. Read the required input values.
  2. Check the current node and recursively search both subtrees when necessary.
  3. Display the computed result.

Check the current node and recursively search both subtrees when necessary.

EFFICIENCY

Time and space complexity

Time complexity

O(n)

Auxiliary space

O(h)

DEBUGGING CHECKLIST

Common mistakes

Check this

Use the correct format specifier for every variable.

Check this

Initialize variables before using their values.

Check this

Check braces, semicolons and input order carefully.

Try it yourself

Practice: Run the program with the sample input, predict its output, and then test one boundary case of your own.