ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES PROGRAM • LEVEL 15 — DIGITAL SEARCH TREES
Find the Longest Common Prefix with a Trie
Learn how to find the longest common prefix with a trie using a clear C program.
PROBLEM UNDERSTANDING
Input and expected output
Sample input
No input required
Sample output
Prefix = fl
COMPLETE C PROGRAM
Complete C implementation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Trie { struct Trie *child[26]; int terminal, pass; };
struct Trie *new_trie(void) { struct Trie *node = calloc(1, sizeof *node); if (!node) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); return node; }
void insert_word(struct Trie *root, const char *word) { for (int i = 0; word[i]; i++) { int index = word[i] - 'a'; if (!root->child[index]) root->child[index] = new_trie(); root = root->child[index]; root->pass++; } root->terminal = 1; }
struct Trie *walk(struct Trie *root, const char *word) { for (int i = 0; word[i] && root; i++) root = root->child[word[i] - 'a']; return root; }
void free_trie(struct Trie *root) { if (root) { for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) free_trie(root->child[i]); free(root); } }
int main(void)
{
const char *words[] = {"flower", "flow", "flight"}; struct Trie *root = new_trie();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { insert_word(root, words[i]); }
char prefix[30]; int length = 0;
while (root && !root->terminal) { int child = -1, count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) if (root->child[i]) { child = i; count++; } if (count != 1) break; prefix[length++] = (char) ('a' + child); root = root->child[child]; }
prefix[length] = '\0'; printf("Prefix = %s\n", prefix); return 0;
}CURRENT STEP
SELECTED LINE
EXPECTED OUTPUT FOR THE SAMPLE
Prefix = fl
Step 0 of 0
PROGRAM EXPLANATION
Algorithm and explanation
- Read the required input values.
- Continue while the current trie node has exactly one child and is not a complete word.
- Display the computed result.
Continue while the current trie node has exactly one child and is not a complete word.
EFFICIENCY
Time and space complexity
Time complexity
O(total characters)
Auxiliary space
O(total characters * alphabet)
DEBUGGING CHECKLIST
Common mistakes
Check this
Use the correct format specifier for every variable.
Check this
Initialize variables before using their values.
Check this
Check braces, semicolons and input order carefully.
Try it yourself
Practice: Run the program with the sample input, predict its output, and then test one boundary case of your own.
